Differences and similarities between the British and the Norwegian Term Paper

Differences and similarities between the British and the Norwegian school system from a perspective of social structure - Term Paper Example Norway, a limited monarchy with a parliamentary democracy has adopted an education system that is reflective on its social ideals and the nature of administration in the country. In this paper, the education structures of England and Norway will discussed from a social perspective, providing the significance of each, the similarities and the differences (Aldrich, Dean & Gordon, 2013). Schools provide an exemplary example of a social setting made up of the teachers, the students and the school administrators together with the parents whose roles are to shape the educational experience of students. As a result, the structure of schools in England and wales attempt to understand the social dynamics of the learning environment and the roles of the key stakeholders. The informal organisations of schools in these countries are influenced by the size of the students’ population and its homogeneity. The social structure of schools is therefore influenced by a number of factors which are dependent on the social arrangement within the countries. Factors such as age, the grade levels taught and the training program for educational and the roles of the parents influence the nature of the structure (Kehm, Michelsen & Vabo, 2010). England and Norway have different school structures with both beginning from early childhood education all the way to universities with different years in between. In England, the education structure is divided into five with early years, primary, secondary, further education and finally higher education, taking at least 15 years to complete. Since 2010, England introduced a compulsory early childhood education for kids aged three and four years, a program that is coordinated and funded by the government. As a result, the kids are entitled to at least 15 hours free nursery education for 38 weeks in every year until they are ready and

Philip Morris USA v. Williams. Brief facts Case Study

Philip Morris USA v. Williams. Brief facts - Case Study Example At initial trial the jury awarded her $821,485.50 as compensatory damages and $79.5 million as punitive damages in the case. However, the trial court on an appeal reduced the amounts to $521,485.50 and $32 million respectively. On an reverse appeal the Oregon Court of Appeals reversed the trial courts decision and upheld the earlier amount awarded by the jury as compensation. The Supreme Court of United States granted certiorari in the case, vacated the Court of Appeals judgment and sent back the case to the same court of appeal to reconsider the amount of punitive damages awarded in the case. In particular Supreme Court referring to the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment declined to grant punitive damages to individuals who were not part of litigation. In a third appeal before the Supreme Court by Philips Morris the court remanded the case back for re-trial. The basic issues before the jury, trial court, court of appeal and the supreme court were varied. The Court had to decide that if compensatory and punitive damages are made out in the case and if they are maintainable and to be awarded then to what extent. Ans. The basic jurisdiction in this lied till the Court of Appeal in the state of Oregon. ... Ans. The case had been in the litigation process for ten years. 3. What is jurisdiction in relation to this case Ans. The basic jurisdiction in this lied till the Court of Appeal in the state of Oregon. The deceased and the plaintiff belonged to that state. After that on further appeal and review petitions the case was tried by the Supreme Court of United States. 4. What is the relationship between the court system, litigation process, and jurisdiction Ans. There is a threefold relationship between the court system, litigation process and jurisdiction. If we take the example of the present case then we see that the deceased and the Plaintiff(his wife) lived in the State of Oregon, so the jurisdiction of the district court lied in there case. Jurisdiction is of three types. Personal, Territorial and Subject matter. In this case the territorial jurisdiction was made out. The Court system is divided according to the jurisdiction of a State. First it's the trial Court of the State, then the Court of Appeal and further it can also be Supreme Court. The litigation process is said to be started from the trial Court and can go up to Supreme Court till the final decision has not been arrived at. References www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/12/03/AR2008120303377.html